The technical and constructive challenges inherent to the execution of engineering works on problematic soils require a continuous development or improvement of the techniques and methods used both to investigate the behavior of the soils and to design and evaluate the performance of these works. Soil stabilization is one of the most used techniques to improve the mechanical behavior of the soil. In addition to classic soil stabilization methods, nanotechnology is increasingly being used for various purposes, such as introducing nanoparticles of different compounds into the soil mixture or in the field of geosynthetics for fiber treatment. Although they do not have cementing properties, nanoparticles improve mechanical properties, thermal stability, and physicochemical behavior, among others. Studies carried out with different types of soil show that the introduction of nanoparticles into the soil-cement matrix results in a reduction in the space between particles and provides a more robust and rigid soil skeleton. Considering this, it improves the material's resistance properties, as well as reducing cement consumption, contributing to sustainability. Taha and Taha [1] observed that the addition of nanoparticles (nano-clay, nano-alumina, and nano-copper) to the behavior of clay results in a decrease in the expansion and contraction index values. Salvatore et al. [2] concluded that nanosilicate grout can increase liquefaction resistance as nano-silica forms a filler for the sand. The literature review presents research that evaluates different nanoparticles applied to soil mixtures and their influence on the final product. This paper reviews the state of the art of several other studies showing that nanotechnology is a successful solution that can be used in soil stabilization because of its capacity to improve, for example, shear strength, unconfined compression strength, and the elastic modulus of soil.