Site Characterization with Surface Waves in Kazakhstan
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Due to the intricate tectonic interactions prevalent in the region, the South and Southeast Kazakhstan areas exhibit notable seismicity characterized by recurrent seismic events. Situated proximate to the convergence of the Eurasian and Indian plates, this region experiences frequent seismic activity, although it infrequently witnesses catastrophic earthquakes. Moreover, certain Kazakhstani cities, such as Almaty, are situated in close proximity to mountainous terrain. Given the region's considerable seismic activity, comprehensive site characterization is required. Traditionally, the evaluation of dynamic soil properties in this region has been conducted primarily through conventional borehole logging techniques. However, the multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) emerges as a geophysical method for determining shear wave velocity profiles (Vs) that offers distinct advantages, including cost and time efficiency, as well as non-invasiveness. Remarkably, despite these merits, the MASW method is not commonly employed in Kazakhstan, and unlike some of the neighboring CIS countries, it has yet to be incorporated into local building codes. This study endeavors to demonstrate the applicability of the MASW method for site characterization efforts within seismic active regions of Kazakhstan. Through extensive work, Vs values were estimated and subsequently compared with reference data acquired through methods such as seismic refraction testing and seismic dilatometer testing. Remarkably, the results demonstrated a significant level of agreement, thereby emphasizing the suitability and effectiveness of the MASW method within the specific context of Kazakhstan.